life drawing

Evaluation of life drawing Tuesday 15/01/2013

we started the day by creating  an action plan which proved to be very helpful and motivationg as I had set myself targets and time limits doing this allowed me to plan how i was going to spend my time and what needed to be done

I found life drawing quite complicated as I find it hard to draw three dimensional objects especially parts of human the human body, I used two different materials to produce these drawings which were pencil and charcoal, even though using the charcoal made me uncomfortable when i though about drawing with it, I found it easyer to draw with compared to the pencil which I could rub out.

I used a range of techniques which included shading, smudging, using different tones and thicknesses and all of these contributed to making my work look a lot better and more realistic than before.
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I was quite pleased with the results that i got when i looked back after completing all my drawings but some of them were not very satisfying to look at as they were poorly drawn due to lack of detail and parts being out of proportion

the formal elements of life drawing

The art elements are the visual components that go together to form any work of art. To develop a more thorough understanding of artistic composition, one must lean how to examine and utilize the various art elements.

The Art Element of Line

Line is one of the most basic art elements. Lines can be used for different purposes within a work of art.

Contour lines can be used to define the border of a shape. These lines are also often referred to as outlines.

A line can also express emotion and character based on how heavy or light, scratchy or smooth, angular or curvy it appears. Different types of line express different emotive qualities. Combining lines in a series can also give the impression of texture.

Lines can also be used to create shadows in a drawn image. Cross-Hatching is a shading method in which intersecting lines are drawn in a close proximity to express a dark value.

The Art Element of Shape

A shape is a two-dimensional element with a definable border.

Geometric shapes have angles and straight lines and have an industrial feel. Organic shapes are curvy and free-form and have a more natural feel to them.

The Art Element of Value

Value refers to the lightness or darkness of an item within a work of art. The idea of value can be applied to colorful works of art and works of art that use only shades of black and white.

Most photo-realistic artworks will employ a variety of values within the work to express the idea of light and shadow moving across a form.

Some more expressive artworks will use value to convey emotion or direct the eye to a focal point. Darker values have more visual weight than lighter values and the eye will always be pulled to those areas with darker values.

The Art Element of Texture

The element of texture applies to how an object feels or appears to feel.

Texture can be either implied or actual. Implied texture expresses the idea of how a surface might feel. For example, a painting of a blanket might convey the idea that the blanket is soft. Actual texture, on the other hand, is texture that can actually be felt. For example, a ceramic bowl might feature a carved texture that could be felt when holding that bowl.

The Art Element of Form

form is an art term that is only applied to those artworks that are 3D, such as sculpture and pottery

Forms, much like shapes, can be geometric or organic. Geometric forms have hard lines and edges. Organic forms are curvy and more free-form.

The Art Element of Colour

Colour refers to the visual perception of light being reflected from a surface of an artwork. In the most basic classification, colours can be divided into three groups: primary, secondary and tertiary.

Primary colours are those colours from which all other colours are created. Yellow, blue and red are primary colours.

Secondary colours are created when two primary colours are combined in equal parts. Green, purple and orange are secondary colours.

Tertiary colours are created by combining a primary colour with a secondary colour. Red-orange is an example of a tertiary colour created by combining red and orange.

A colour at its strongest value is known as a hue. When white is added to a hue, it becomes a tint. When black is added to a hue, it becomes a shade.

The Art Element of Space

Space refers to how the artist fills the surface on which a work of art is created. It can also refer to the expression of depth within a work of art. When talking about a three-dimensional object, space is the actual volume that is taken up by the artwork.

Space can be either positive or negative. Positive space is that which is being taken up by the subjects in a work of art. In a three-dimensional artwork, any physical object takes up positive space.

Negative space is usually composed of white space within a two-dimensional object. In three-dimensional works, negative space can be empty space that is trapped within positive space of a sculpture. For example a circular sculpture with a hole in centre would have negative space in that centre area.

ethical fashion and environmental issues

Ethical fashion means providing workers with fair hours, wages, and rights, as well as a healthy work environment. Further it refers to practices that take into consideration all associated with apparel supply chains including management, designers, production workers, sales and even we the consumers. This includes, but is not limited to:

• Fair and living wages for workers
• Safe, clean working conditions
• Worker’s rights (For example, those outlined in the ILO conventions)
• Workers’ freedom of association and voice in the workplace
• Promote traditional skills
• Promote rural development
• Locally made
 
environmental issues
 
Fashion has an impact on the environment in many places, throughout the entire lifecycle of a product. This includes the production of raw materials (natural and man made fibers), dyeing, spinning, weaving, finishing, cutting, sewing, packaging, transport, sales, consumption, and disposal. At least 8,000 chemicals are used to turn raw materials into textiles, many of which are toxic, corrosive, or include biologically-modifying reagents.
A few statistics:
• Production of textiles per year is estimated at between 60-70 million metric tons (more than 120 billion pounds)
• Around 40% of textiles produced around the world are polyester. Polyesters, nylons, and acrylics are made from petroleum, a non-renewable resource.
• The dying and finishing stages of the textile production process usually require chemical use and high water use. The majority of compounds used for applying color are highly carcinogenic or otherwise toxic, often being discharged into waterways.
• According to the EPA, the 2.5 billion pounds of post-consumer textile waste in the US represents 10 pounds for every person in the United States.
• Two thirds of a garment’s carbon footprint will occur after it is purchased. Washing and disposal is a big issue.
• A glance at conventional cotton:
• Current consumption of cotton is higher than ever before – with annual demand over 25 million tons.
• Worldwide more than 10% of all chemical pesticides and 22% of all insecticides are sprayed on cotton. The World Health organization estimates 20,000 farmers die a year as a result of the use of agricultural pesticides in developing countries. Developing countries bear the brunt of pesticide use – using only 25% of the world’s pesticides they experience 99% of pesticide-related deaths.
• Cotton is responsible for the release of US$2 billion of chemical pesticides each year – within which at least US$819 million are considered toxic enough to be classified as hazardous by the World Health Organization.
• In India, home to over one third of the world’s cotton farmers, cotton accounts for 54% of all pesticides used annually – despite occupying just 5% of land under crops.
• It takes over 1,800 gallons of water to grow the cotton needed for the average pair of jeans and over 400 gallons of water for one t-shirt.
 
 
Environmental responsibility
 
Ethical fashion ensures that the process of getting the product from raw materials to the consumer has as little negative impact on the environment as possible. This can be done in a number of ways, depending on the impacts identified and the design strategies applied:
• Use of environmentally responsible materials (organic fibers avoid chemical use in growing fiber, polyester fibers can be made of recycled materials and require less energy in washing and drying, for example)
• Minimizing negative environmental impact by employing sustainable best practices (shipping, office waste, etc.)
• Reusing, reassembling, and maintaining clothes in use for longer (vintage/used clothing stores, repair services, taking apart old clothes and sewing new finished products with them)
• Designing for disassembly and repurposing clothes so they have a second life (disassembling clothes and using the material to create new finished products)
• Employing energy and water efficient processes for dyes and finishes and using non-toxic substances.
• Does not use pesticides or harmful chemicals
• Use innovative textiles that minimize harm on the environment and follow the precautionary principle with new technologies (produced from recycled or newly engineered materials)
• Minimize load on landfills by using Biodegradable products (e.g., ones that could easily be broken down by the environment at the end of their life cycle. Embodies cradle to cradle concept that materials should protect the ecosystem and be free of waste.)
• Minimal waste in the production process
Innovative new businesses that are not based on the make, use waste principle, but are based on principles of cycles
• Animal products are ethically sourced and vegetable tanned